Under what condition may pilots deviate from FOM procedures?

The correct answer highlights the importance of adherence to established protocols in aviation operations. Pilots may deviate from the procedures outlined in the Flight Operations Manual (FOM) only when they have obtained proper authorization and have documented the deviation. This requirement underscores the need for accountability and traceability in aviation safety.

By mandating authorization and documentation, the FOM ensures that deviations are carefully evaluated, justified, and aligned with safety standards. This process helps maintain the integrity of operations and provides a framework within which pilots can operate safely and effectively, even if they find themselves needing to diverge from standard procedures. It fosters a culture of safety, where deviations are not made lightly or subjectively, but rather under clear protocols that can be reviewed and analyzed later if necessary.

In contrast, the other options suggest scenarios where deviations could occur without a formal process or oversight, which compromises safety and accountability in flight operations.